Background and aim: The most important factor in the success of restoration is marginal fitness. If there is not an appropriate marginal fitness between tooth and restorations it may cause carries in the marginal area because of the food and debris in the marginal area cause gingivitis and margin discoloring and in sever cases it will have increase of pocket depth and loss of attached gingival from this problem caused this research.Material & Methods: This is experimental research, the samples are 20 and there are chooses simple randomize. The mentioned marginal design were designed on a standard die by machines. Then impressions were provided from dies, and after making the restoration by electroforming method, the gap die and restoration measured by photo esterio microcope and T. Test.Conclusion:X`  shoulder: 24.42 X`   sloping shoulder: 13.92 P.value=0.05 According to the P-value in comparing between X`   of this two group of marginal design, there was significant difference.Results: According to the significant difference, have the difference act about marginal fitness metoceramic restoration and sloping shoulder have better marginal fitness than shoulder in electroforming method.  

Background: This study aimed to assess the results after soft-tissue posterior instability surgery and address possible challenges during these operations. Methods: The databases of two tertiary hospitals were reviewed to identify patients treated for posterior shoulder instability between 2000 and 2015. Out of 198 treated patients, 19 cases underwent surgery with a mean follow-up of 35 months. Chart review was performed to obtain recurrence rates, revision rates, return to sport, persistent pain, subjective instability, subjective feeling of being better, complications, and range of motion after operative treatment of posterior shoulder instability. These outcomes were compared using the Fisher’ s exact and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: After surgery, 6 (32%) patients had a recurrent subluxation, and 11 (58%) cases had persistent pain; moreover, 5 (26%) patients had a persistent feeling of instability, and 10 (53%) cases did not feel improvement after the operation. Furthermore, 10 (53%) patients required a revision, and there were 7 (37%) cases with a complication. Postoperatively, 75% of the patients had a full forward flexion, and 93% of the cases had full internal rotation; however, 64% of them had restrictions in external rotation. Conclusion: There is a high rate of recurrent instability, need for revision, and complications after soft-tissue posterior instability surgery. Postoperative external rotation was impaired in most patients. Patients should be informed about these unsatisfactory results.

Background: Post-operative urinary retention (POUR) and dysfunction are recognized complications following orthopaedic surgery. Recent literature has focused on urinary retention and its associated complications following hip and knee reconstruction and lower extremity surgery. There is a paucity of literature focusing on POUR and shoulder surgery. The purpose of this study is to describe the rates of urinary dysfunction in patients undergoing shoulder surgery as well as the associated risk factors. Methods: This was a single institution, prospective cohort study. Eligibility criteria included patients older than 50 years of age undergoing open or arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The primary outcome was the American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score (7 questions total scored 0-5, total 35 points max) administered before and after surgery. Higher scores reflect worse urinary dysfunction. Intra-operative data such as type of surgery, type of anesthesia, use of anticholinergics, peripheral nerve block, length of case, and amount of intravenous fluids were collected. Results: Of 194 patients, the mean age was 61. 4 years (Standard Deviation (S. D. ) = 13. 0)) and the average BMI was 29. 2 (S. D. = 5. 6). The sample was 35. 6% female. Overall, 46. 4% reported worse AUA scores post-operatively within the first 3 to 5 days, including 4. 1% of which were clinically defined as “, moderately worse”,(>5 point worse) or “, much worse”,(>11 points worse). Worse preoperative AUA scores correlated with worse postop AUA score on linear regression analysis (r=0. 883, P<0. 0001). Males with a history of BPH showed a statistically significant positive association with worsening urinary dysfunction postoperatively (P=0. 039). Four patients (2. 1%) required postoperative catheterization. A significantly higher percentage of patients with preoperative AUA scores of ≥, 11 experienced worsening of urinary function post-operatively (P=0. 04). Conclusion: Worsening of urinary function following shoulder surgery is common. The AUA score may be used to identify at-risk patients and to track changes in urinary function post-operatively. Men with a diagnosis of BPH are at particularly high risk. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the impact of urinary dysfunction on patient outcomes, satisfaction, and cost as well as the role of prophylactic medications.

Background: The purpose of this study was to review the effect of a mobilization exercise and strengthening program with dynamic splint on prevention of repeated shoulder dislocation in professional athletes.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective quasi experimental study, 18 athletes with mean age of 25 years suffering from repeated anterior shoulder dislocation with effective trauma were reviewed in a mobilization and strengthening program with dynamic splint of shoulder. The results were evaluated by Constant Shoulder Score (CSS), descriptive analysis, and t- test.Results: The decreased range of motion in shoulder joint in abduction and external rotation in comparison with healthy shoulders was 36 degrees. The training program had a significant effect on reduction on repeated anterior shoulder dislocation. In radiology, 3 cases of premature arthritis which had restriction in external rotation were observed.Conclusion: Rate of instability after mobilization and strengthening program with dynamic splint was low but due to the restriction that dynamic splint induces in external rotation of shoulder joint, this program should be done by professional athletes in a way that in the final stages of the training program splints are used less.

Background: The clinical outcomes of rotator cuff repair (RCR) surgeries vary because each method has its own advantages and limitations. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the short-term outcomes of arthroscopic RCR (ARCR) and mini-open RCR (MRCR). Methods: In this study, we included 49 patients with a diagnosis of full rotator cuff tear who had undergone ARCR and MRCR at Poursina Hospital of Rasht and Akhtar Hospital of Tehran from 20 March 2017 to 20 March 2020. The patients were divided into ARCR (n = 24) and MRCR (n = 25) groups. The two surgical procedures were compared with each other before surgery and three and six months after surgery in terms of shoulder function based on UCLA, disability based on QUICKDASH, range of motion (ROM), and pain based on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data were analyzed by chi-square, independent t-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: There were no differences between the groups in terms of demographic details. The mean duration of surgery was significantly higher in the ARCR group compared to MRCR group (125. 5 vs. 70. 42 minutes). The short-term outcomes in the two groups on three measurement occasions showed a significant improvement in shoulder function, disability, and ROM in both groups along with a reduction in pain severity (P < 0. 05),however, there was no signifi, cant difference between the two groups on any of the three occasions (P > 0. 05). Conclusions: Shoulder function, disability, ROM, and pain were not diff, erent between the two groups, but duration of surgery was less in MRCR group. Therefore, under the same conditions, MRCR is a better choice than ARCR due to its short duration of surgery.